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Dragonfly

Selasa, 25 Mei 2010

A dragonfly is a type of insect belonging to the order Odonata, the suborder Epiprocta or, in the strict sense, the infraorder Anisoptera. It is characterized by large multifaceted eyes, two pairs of strong transparent wings, and an elongated body. Dragonflies are similar to damselflies, but the adults can be differentiated by the fact that the wings of most dragonflies are held away from, and perpendicular to, the body when at rest. Even though dragonflies possess 6 legs (like any other insect), they are not capable of walking.

Dragonflies are valuable predators that eat mosquitoes, and other small insects like flies, bees, ants, and butterflies. They are usually found around lakes, ponds, streams and wetlands because their larvae, known as "nymphs", are aquatic.

Anisoptera comes from the Greek an meaning not, is meaning equal, and apter  meaning wings. Their hind wings are broader than their fore wings.

Butterfly

Minggu, 23 Mei 2010

Metamorphosis in insects is often followed by destroying in tissues at larval phase is replaced by networks of cells that have differentiated new. Insect molting to grow in a way that is new cuticle growth with increasing body size. There are three types of growth in the Insecta:

  1. Ametabola, the stage is not the larval stage, the moth and sample like a fleas. 
  2. Hemimetabola, namely through the stages of metamorphosis pro-nimpha which occurred just after hatching. After that, the insects have nimpha stage. In hemimetabola metamorphosis, the wing rudiment, genital organs, and the structure characteristics of the other developments already formed but not yet perfect. However, these organs grow perfectly at the end of molting. An example can be found in locusts and vermin.
  3. Holometabola, the metamorphosis that began with process larvae after hatching. Undergoing molting larvae will grow and large. Stages of suffering among larvae instar called molting. After the final instar stage formed pupa. During the formation of the pupa, there was the formation of adult structures.

Hormones that affect the metamorphosis of butterflies - butterfly Molting and metamorphosis are controlled by several effectors such as hormones, namely:

  1. Juvennile hormone, secreted by the corpora allata. Tues allata active corpora sekretori for molting larvae. During juvennil hormone stimulates ekdison formed hydroxy molting and produce a baru.hormon instar larvae juvennil also function to prevent induction of changes in gene expression ekdison important during metamorphosis 
  2. 20-hidroxyecdysone, serves to initiate and coordinated or regulate each stage of molting and regulate gene expression changes that occur during metamorphosis ekdisis process.  
  3. Prothoracicotropic (PTIH), molting process is initiated in the brain, which produces hormones neurosekretori cells Prothoracicotropic (PTIH) who responded to neural, hormonal, or environmental signals. PTIH the peptide hormone that stimulates the prothoracic glands ekdison from.

Ants

Sabtu, 22 Mei 2010

Ants are insects that come from a family eusosial Formisidae, and ants are included in the order Himenoptera along with bees and wasps. Ants are divided into more than 12,000 groups, with a large number of comparisons in the tropics. Ants are known to nest-nest colonies and orderly, which sometimes consist of thousands of ants per colony. Types of ants are divided into worker ants, ant males, and the queen ant. One colony may retain and use a large area to support their activities. Ant colonies are sometimes called superorganisme because the colony appears to operate as a unity.

Ant's body, like other insects, have exoskeleton or external skeleton that provides protection and also as a place of attachment of muscles, unlike the human skeleton and vertebrate animals. Insects have no lungs, but they have breathing holes called spiracles in the chest for air circulation in the nervous system. System ant respiration consists of a ventral nerve kind of muscle that lie along the body, with some fruit and branches of the ganglion associated with each part in the body.

Ant in the chest, there are three pairs of legs, and at the end of each leg there is a kind of small claws that helped her climb up and stand on the surface. Most male and female candidates ant queens have wings. However, after mating the female will shed their wings and become a queen ant which is not winged. Worker and soldier ants have no wings.

Bee

 The bee is a large group of insects known for his gregarious although not all bees are so. All the bees go in the tribe / family Apidae (order Hymenoptera: winged insect membranes). In the world there are approximately 20 000 species of bees and can be found on every continent, except Antarctica.

Female insects have an important role in this insect group. The behavior of bees is largely determined by the behavior of female bees. Some females of certain species of bees live alone (solitary) and others are known to have a social behavior. Solitary bees build their own nest and foraging for offspring without the help of other bees and usually die or leave the nest at the time offspring not become adult bees. Sometimes a few species of solitary bees to feed and care for their children without giving up food for their children, form a relationship like this is known as sub social. While on a higher stage, bees live in groups and share duties in accordance with their respective physical form.